Hi David,
1. I’m not certain what you have in mind with “equalize”, set all triangles to the same size? Fill each triangle with something similar (that would be a plug-in). Or pull a mesh over the whole object. That would be instant mesh. Donovan Keith has discussed this here.
Perhaps you have an example (image) to share.
2. Before you use the bevel, select all polygons and create a Selection> Selection Tag. But of course, to delete now all these, would give the Bevel Nothing to work with. Object Manager> Objects> Current State To Object, and then double click the Selection Tag of the new object, followed by pressing the Delete Key (Mouse must be in the Editor View, other wise the Object might be deleted, or wherever the mouse is. I hope I got your question correctly.
3. The Atom Array can be set to four or three sides. Anyway, in one of the examples, I have had set up one with a MoGraph Cloner. See file …_51.c4d (Post #12). Set the Cylinder to 4 or 3 segments. Keep the Phong Tag setting low (59º or 89º for 3 or four sides).
Typically I would prefer the Extrude with caps on. Alternative to that would be the non beveled star, all edges selected and Mesh>Commands> Edge To Spline.
I hope that helps. Let me know if you need something else or more details. I have not attached any other file, as I guess the …_51.c4d will hold all information (except for Q1)
All the best